How Air Quality Affects Your Fertility and What You Can Do About It

The Impact of Air Pollution and Wildfires on Fertility

As a reproductive endocrinologist with over 20 years of experience, I've seen firsthand how environmental factors can significantly impact fertility. One of the most concerning issues in recent years has been the growing threat of air pollution and its effects on both female and male fertility, as well as IVF success rates.

In my practice in Seattle, I've witnessed the devastating impact of wildfires on air quality, especially during the summer months. Smoke and particulate matter from these fires can travel hundreds of miles, affecting the health and fertility of people far beyond the immediate fire zones. And it's not just wildfires - air pollution from industrial sources, traffic, and other human activities can also wreak havoc on our reproductive systems.

So, what does the research say about the connection between air quality and fertility? Let's dive in.

The Research on Air Quality and Fertility

A 2018 comprehensive review published in the journal Fertility and Sterility examined numerous studies on the impact of air pollution and air quality on female fertility. The authors found that there is a clear biological plausibility for air pollutants to negatively affect fertility, as many of these substances can act as endocrine disruptors, interfere with ovulation, and increase oxidative stress - all of which can impair reproductive function.

However, the authors also noted that the research in this area has been challenging, as there is no standardized way to measure air quality, and different studies have used varying definitions and metrics for assessing fertility outcomes. Despite these limitations, the overall evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution is associated with longer time to pregnancy, higher rates of infertility, and increased risk of miscarriage.

The Impact on IVF Success Rates

One of the most concerning studies I've come across was published in the summer of 2024 in the journal Fertility and Sterility. This retrospective cohort study, conducted by researchers at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), looked at the impact of wildfire smoke exposure on IVF success rates.

The study followed 69 patients undergoing IVF cycles during a period of significant wildfires in the region. The researchers found that exposure to wildfire smoke negatively impacted the rate of blastocyst formation - the stage where a fully mature embryo with 100-120 cells is formed, which is crucial for successful implantation and pregnancy.

Fortunately, the study did not find a significant difference in pregnancy outcomes between those exposed to the wildfire smoke and those who were not. However, the impact on blastocyst formation is concerning, as it suggests that air pollution can directly interfere with the delicate process of embryo development in the IVF lab.

The Impact on Male Fertility

Air quality doesn't just affect female fertility - it can also have a significant impact on male fertility. A 2018 study published in the journal Human Reproduction analyzed semen samples from over 21,000 men in Utah, and correlated the data with local air pollution levels.

The researchers found that men living in areas with the highest levels of air pollution, particularly endocrine-disrupting chemicals, had significantly lower sperm counts, motility, and morphology compared to men in less polluted areas. This underscores the importance of considering air quality for both partners when trying to conceive.

Improving Air Quality in the IVF Lab

Given the clear impact of air quality on fertility, it's no surprise that IVF clinics go to great lengths to ensure the best possible air environment for their patients' eggs, sperm, and embryos.

At my clinic, Pacific Northwest Fertility in Seattle, we have implemented a number of measures to optimize air quality in our IVF lab:

• All staff change into scrubs and shoe covers before entering the lab to minimize the introduction of outdoor pollutants.

• We use HEPA filters to remove airborne particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could harm embryo development.

• Positive air pressure is maintained to force air through the filters and prevent the influx of unfiltered air.

• Regular air quality monitoring and HVAC maintenance ensure that our lab environment remains pristine.

• We are extremely careful about the cleaning products used, avoiding any that contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

These measures help create a controlled, clean environment that protects the delicate cells and embryos during the IVF process. But what about the air quality in your own home?

Improving Air Quality at Home

While we can't control the air quality outside, there are many steps we can take to improve the air we breathe in our own homes. Here are 10 tips to help you create a healthier indoor environment:

1. Ventilate Regularly

When outdoor air quality is good, open your windows for at least 15 minutes a day to allow fresh air to circulate. However, during periods of poor air quality, such as wildfires, keep your windows closed to prevent pollutants from entering your home.

2. Invest in Houseplants

Certain houseplants, like spider plants, snake plants, and peace lilies, can help remove endocrine-disrupting chemicals and increase oxygen levels in your home. Sign up for my newsletter to get more tips on using plants to improve indoor air quality.

3. Replace Air Filters Regularly

If you have an HVAC system, be sure to change the air filters every 3 months. This will help remove dust, allergens, and other particles from the air circulating through your home.

4. Manage Humidity Levels

Aim to keep the humidity in your home between 30-50%. Too dry and dust and allergens can more easily become airborne; too humid and mold can grow. Consider using a dehumidifier or humidifier to maintain the ideal balance.

5. Clean Frequently

Regular dusting, mopping, and vacuuming can help reduce the amount of particulate matter in your home. Pay special attention to high-traffic areas and surfaces that collect dust.

6. Avoid Synthetic Fragrances

Air fresheners, candles, and other scented products often contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Opt for fragrance-free or natural alternatives instead.

7. Invest in an Air Purifier

A high-quality air purifier with a HEPA filter can significantly improve the air quality in your home, especially in your bedroom where you spend a significant amount of time.

8. Take Off Your Shoes

Leaving your shoes at the door can prevent the introduction of outdoor pollutants, allergens, and other particles into your living space.

9. Groom Pets Regularly

Our furry friends can bring in all sorts of outdoor contaminants on their fur. Brushing and grooming them regularly can help minimize this.

10. Eliminate Smoking and Vaping

Smoking and vaping indoors can release harmful chemicals and particulates into the air. Maintain a smoke-free home to protect your health and fertility.

Conclusion

As we've seen, air quality is a critical factor in both female and male fertility, as well as the success of IVF treatments. While we can't control the air quality outside, we can take proactive steps to improve the air we breathe in our own homes.

By implementing the tips outlined in this article, you can create a healthier indoor environment that supports your reproductive health. Remember to also listen to my Baby or Bust Fertility Podcast and visit my website for more resources on optimizing fertility.

Together, we can all do our part to breathe easier and increase our chances of building the families we dream of. Let's get started!